Learn About Greek

Ελληνικά13.5 million speakers worldwide

Indo-European FamilyHard DifficultyISO: el
Language Sample

"Γεια σας! Πώς είστε σήμερα;"

Pronunciation: Ya sas! Pos iste simera?

Translation: Hello! How are you today?

Language Overview

Speakers

13.5 million

Language Family

Indo-European (Hellenic)

Writing System

Greek alphabet

Official Status

Official in Greece and Cyprus

Regions (4 countries)

GreeceCyprusSouthern ItalyTurkey
History & Origins

Greek has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. From ancient Greek literature to modern usage, it has evolved through several distinct periods including Classical, Koine, Byzantine, and Modern Greek.

Language Characteristics
  • Uses the Greek alphabet with 24 letters

  • Rich inflectional system with complex verb conjugations

  • Three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, neuter)

  • Four cases (nominative, genitive, accusative, vocative)

  • Extensive vocabulary borrowed into other languages

  • Distinctive phonological features including aspirated consonants

Common Words
hello:γεια σας (ya sas)
goodbye:αντίο (antio)
please:παρακαλώ (parakalo)
thank you:ευχαριστώ (efharisto)
yes:ναι (ne)
no:όχι (ohi)
water:νερό (nero)
food:φαγητό (fagito)
house:σπίτι (spiti)
family:οικογένεια (ikoyenia)
Numbers 0-10
0:ένα (ena)
1:δύο (dio)
2:τρία (tria)
3:τέσσερα (tesera)
4:πέντε (pende)
5:έξι (eksi)
6:επτά (epta)
7:οκτώ (okto)
8:εννέα (enea)
9:δέκα (deka)
Major Dialects

Standard Modern Greek (Demotic)

Katharevousa (archaic formal variety)

Cypriot Greek

Pontic Greek

Cappadocian Greek

Griko (Southern Italian Greek)

Learning Tips
  • Start with the Greek alphabet - it's essential for reading and writing

  • Focus on common verb patterns and conjugations

  • Practice with Greek music and films to improve pronunciation

  • Learn the case system gradually, starting with nominative and accusative

  • Use flashcards for vocabulary with both Greek script and pronunciation

  • Join Greek language exchange groups or online communities

Cultural Notes
  • Greek culture places high value on hospitality (philoxenia)

  • Family gatherings and food are central to Greek social life

  • Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilization and democracy

  • Orthodox Christianity plays an important role in Greek culture

  • Greek coffee culture involves slow, social drinking

  • Traditional Greek music includes rebetiko and folk dances like syrtaki

Fun Facts

The Greek alphabet gave rise to the Latin, Cyrillic, and many other alphabets

Many English words derive from Greek, especially in science and medicine

Greek has been spoken in the same region for over 3,400 years

The word 'alphabet' comes from the first two Greek letters: alpha and beta

Ancient Greek had pitch accent, while Modern Greek has stress accent

Greek is the official language of the European Union

Ready to test your Greek knowledge?

Try our interactive language guessing game and see if you can identify Greek from text samples.