Learn About Turkish

Türkçe75 million speakers worldwide

Turkic FamilyMedium DifficultyISO: tr
Language Sample

"Merhaba, nasılsın?"

Pronunciation: MEHR-hah-bah, nah-suhl-suhn?

Translation: Hello, how are you?

Language Overview

Speakers

75 million

Language Family

Turkic (Oghuz)

Writing System

Latin script

Official Status

Official language of Turkey and Northern Cyprus

Regions (3 countries)

TurkeyCyprusGermany (Turkish diaspora)
History & Origins

Modern Turkish evolved from Ottoman Turkish, which used the Arabic script. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk reformed the language and adopted the Latin alphabet in 1928. The language underwent major simplification and standardization.

Language Characteristics
  • Agglutinative language - uses suffixes to indicate grammatical functions

  • Vowel harmony affects suffixes

  • No grammatical gender

  • Subject-Object-Verb word order

  • Rich system of tenses and moods

Common Words
hello:merhaba
goodbye:hoşça kal
please:lütfen
thank you:teşekkürler
yes:evet
no:hayır
water:su
food:yemek
house:ev
family:aile
Numbers 0-10
0:sıfır
1:bir
2:iki
3:üç
4:dört
5:beş
6:altı
7:yedi
8:sekiz
9:dokuz
10:on
Major Dialects

Istanbul Turkish (standard)

Aegean Turkish

Eastern Anatolian Turkish

Learning Tips
  • Focus on vowel harmony when learning suffixes

  • Practice pronunciation of special letters (ç, ğ, ş, ü, ö)

  • Learn common verbs and daily expressions

  • Immerse with Turkish media for listening skills

  • Use repetition to remember agglutinative suffixes

Cultural Notes
  • Turkish culture emphasizes hospitality and family

  • Formal vs informal speech (siz vs sen) is important

  • Cuisine and tea culture are central

  • Turkish literature and poetry have deep historical roots

Fun Facts

Turkish is spoken by over 80 million people worldwide

The language reform in 1928 replaced Arabic script with Latin

Turkish has borrowed words from Arabic, Persian, French, Italian

Vowel harmony is a key feature in grammar

Ready to test your Turkish knowledge?

Try our interactive language guessing game and see if you can identify Turkish from text samples.